What are the symptoms of dermatomyositis?

Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease. In other words, it is linked to a disruption of the immune system.

In a person with dermatomyositis, the immune system attacks the small blood vessels that supply blood to the muscles and skin.

The dermatomyosite often begins gradually, over several weeks. It then evolves in spurts.

On the skin, it can cause:

red or purple patches on the face, scalp, neck, hands, arms and/or thighs.
small hard lumps under the skin, cracks in the skin of the fingers or even hair loss.
temporary disturbances in blood circulation in the fingers and toes during exposure to cold.

At the muscle level, it can cause:

weakness in the muscles of the hips, thighs, shoulders and arms; as well as muscle pain.
damage (to varying degrees) of the respiratory muscles (especially in adults) and heart, and those used for swallowing.

In some people, dermatomyositis can cause joint pain. Digestive pain or loss of vision can occur exceptionally, especially in children.

Increased risk of cancer early in the disease

Adults with dermatomyositis are at risk higher risk of developing cancer within 3 yearss that follow the appearance of the first symptoms.

This is why these patients must carry out specific assessments at regular intervals, in order to detect a possible tumor early.

What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?

Treatment is based on taking immunosuppressants or immunomodulators. Basic treatment includes corticosteroids combined with methotrexate, an immunosuppressive drug.

Other immunosuppressants can be used (tacrolimus, azathioprine, etc.). Targeted therapy is also part of the treatments for dermatomyositis.

When the muscles are badly affected, immunoglobulins are administered intravenously for a few months.

In addition to drug treatments, patients benefit from physiotherapy sessions to combat pain.